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How to Approach International Silver Marks

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Silver marking systems differ between countries, cities and periods; some use assay symbols, fineness numbers, maker marks and date letters.

What to examine

Record every punch at high resolution and note its sequence and location. Consult the official or specialist reference for the relevant jurisdiction.

Avoid the common trap

Plate marks, pseudo-hallmarks and imported-goods marks can resemble assay punches. Test only through a qualified specialist.

Record your findings

Photograph the whole object, the feature in context and a close-up with scale. Note what is observed separately from any conclusion.

Reliable starting points

  • [V&A collections](https://www.vam.ac.uk/collections)
  • [The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Heilbrunn Timeline](https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/)

Identification should combine several forms of evidence. Do not use destructive tests, and seek a specialist opinion where attribution or value matters.

Learn by looking closely

See workshop examinations and restoration details on the [Antique Repair Shop YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@AntiqueRepairShop).